Mixed Methods Of Quantitative And Qualitative Data

Mixed methods approach was implemented deliberately to gain quantitative and qualitative data. The integration of quantitative and qualitative data maximizes the strengths and minimizes the weaknesses of each type of data to ensure validity and reliability. The two forms of data collection were interviews and questionnaires. Mixed methods was chosen to gain better insight into the issue. This will help to compare, validate or triangulate results and in doing so may help to identify trends and outcomes, Plano Clark, (2010). Mixed methods research, is more than collecting qualitative data from interviews, or collecting multiple forms of qualitative evidence (e.g., observations and interviews) or multiple types of quantitative evidence (e.g.,†¦show more content†¦The next stage of the process was to structure the order and flow of answerability. The aim of this journal is to assess attitudes of senior rugby players with regards to safety and performance during the tackle, there fore the researcher thought close ended questions would be most appropriate. Hendricks et al states ‘’Closed ended questions provide respondents with pre specified set of answers (items) and response categories,’’ (p.267). This in fact makes answering of the questionnaire less demanding for the subjects involved. Each question consisted of the question, and response categories. A 5 point Likert scale was used to enable the researcher to measure the significance, frequency and size of each item. For measuring players attitude, subjects involved had to rate the significance of each question on the following scale: (1) not at all important, (2) not too important, (3) undecided, (4) somewhat important, (5) very important, ( Hendricks et al, 2011). To assess occurrence of training and training behaviour the following was used, (1) never, (2) rarely, (3) sometimes, (4) frequently, (5) always. The finalised questionnaire enclosed 10 questions. The questionnaire consisted of 9 attitudinal questions based on their (players) opinions on tackling technique and methods used, with the exception of question 1 (how many times to you train in the week). Within this questionnaire players had to rate

Hiv And The Older Adult Population Essay - 2040 Words

INTRODUCTION Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a serious condition in our society. If left untreated, HIV can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (CDC, 2016a). Once a person is infected with HIV, it can never be completely removed from the body, meaning they are infected for the remainder of their life (CDC, 2016a). HIV was initially thought to be a problem only in younger generations (Ellman, Sexton, Warshafsky, Sobieszczyk, Morrison, 2014). However, evidence has emerged suggesting that an epidemic may be brewing in the older adult population (Ellman et al., 2014; Karpiak Brennan-Ing, 2016; Robnett Chop, 2015). I decided to research this topic, because I personally had no idea that HIV was so prevalent in this age group. BACKGROUND Before we can explore the prevalence of HIV in the older adult population, we need to discuss the history of HIV and what it does. In the United States, HIV has been present since the mid 1970’s (CDC, 2016a). However, it is believed that the first human case of HIV occurred in the 1800’s (CDC, 2016a). During this time, hunters in Central Africa were killing chimpanzees and coming into contact with their blood (CDC, 2016a). Some chimpanzees in this region were infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) (CDC, 2016a). When the humans were infected with SIV, it is thought to have mutated into what we know as HIV (CDC, 2016a). ABOUT HIV HIV is a virus that attacks an infected individual’s immune system throughShow MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Hiv / Aids1532 Words   |  7 Pagesinfection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are living longer lives and changing the perception of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. There has been extensive research conducted on high risk groups for HIV/AIDS but little has been done to research and address the social aspect of aging and HIV/AIDS. It is important to have a more conclusive understanding of HIV/AIDS in the aging population due to the climbing rate of new infection among older American adults aged 50 and greater. Primary themes that willRead MoreThe Face Of The Hiv Epidemic Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthe HIV epidemic has changed. People ages 50 and older now represent the fastest growing segment of HIV positive adults in the United States (Sankar et al, 2011). A workshop on HIV Infection and Aging estimated that by 2015, adults aged 50 and older will mak e up approximately 50% of all HIV/AIDS in the U.S. (Effros et al, 2008). Factors, including decreased efficiency of the immune system and decreased likelihood that older adults have been tested for HIV, increase the vulnerability of older adultsRead MoreA Research Study On Palliative Care1663 Words   |  7 PagesPreviously, HIV was considered a disease associated with young persons. However, in present day, it is recognized as the disease that affects people of all ages. Individual aged 50 and older has many of the same HIV risk factors as a younger individual. There is an increase in the number of patients aged 50 and over who are living with HIV. This increase in the population is due to the increase in life expectancy of people with HIV and new cases in older people. To manage this increasing population a holisticRead MoreProblems With Sexual Health And Substance Abuse1452 Words   |  6 PagesProblems with sexual health and substance abuse are prevalent in the New York City a rea. ). â€Å"Reproductive and sexual health covers a broad range of health needs from adolescence forward, including the reproductive system, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, and fertility. Untreated STDs can lead to serious long-term health consequences† (Healthy people 2020, 2015. An estimated 19 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are diagnosed each year in the United States; almost half of themRead MoreInternational Hiv / Aids Alliance1396 Words   |  6 PagesInternational HIV/AIDS Alliance. (2014, July 23). Launch of community guide to WHO guidelines: supporting communities to drive the HIV response. Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/279944.php This article is a good resource to refer to because it talks about what is being done currently regarding people that are living with HIV/AIDS. This guideline was formed as a â€Å"response to the WHO guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV† (InternationalRead MoreBiological, Psychological, And Socio Environmental Factors785 Words   |  4 Pagesstudied the biopsychosocial perspective of sexual desire in older adult men and women. 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History Substance abuse is theRead MoreShould Nurses Become More Socially Aware Of The Elderly?1463 Words   |  6 Pagessocially aware of LGBT elderly individuals can greatly affect the quality of life of the entire LGBT population. When discussing about LGBT individual, most people don’t consider the elderly population. A lot will focus on LGBT youth and not a lot on the older individuals who have paved the road for LGBT youth to experience a better quality of life than they did. It’s unfortunate that the elderly population is forgotten about in general and in LGBT circles. According to the article â€Å"Adding silver to theRead MoreLgbt Training Programs For Healthcare1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, are a vulnerable population with specific healthcare needs. Throughout their lives they have encountered maltreatment, discrimination and have significant health disparities because of their sexual orientation. Many have been isolated or alienated from their families and do not have any children to care for them. Now this vulnerable population must succumb to care from clinics, hospitals, and long term facilities that may not beRead MoreDva 15011489 Words   |  6 Pages1501 Two-thirds of all people infected with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa, although this region contains little more than 10% of the world’s population. AIDS has caused immense human suffering in the continent. The most obvious effect of this crisis has been illness and death, but the impact of the epidemic has certainly not been confined to the health sector; households, schools, workplaces and economies have also been badly affected. As the HIV prevalence of a country rises, the strain placed

Military insurgents Free Essays

This short summary will be a brief synopsis covering the issues America faces â€Å"fighting modern insurgents†. This paper will be based on Information gathered from three videos created by Dry. Martin Catalan. We will write a custom essay sample on Military insurgents or any similar topic only for you Order Now The First being â€Å"The Iran Threat†. This lecture give Its listeners a glimpse of what methods and strategies the Iranian government has been trying to employ against the US and Its allies. The lecture describes In detail the various threats that the united States and its allies (particularly Israel) face. The first threat covered by Dry. Citation is the threat of a clear weapon. Although Iran is a sovereign state it has been a long time concern of the US that if able to develop any type of significant nuclear technology (weapons grade or otherwise) it may fall in the hands of state sanctioned (The Iranian state) terrorist. Iran has employed tactics such as trying to kill a Saudi diplomat and bomb a Saudi embassy in the US with the help of an Iranian American. This event shows the reach that the Iranian state sanctioned terrorism and the danger it poses even on us soil. The second lecture Is titled â€Å"The Non-State Solider In History†. Dry. Catalan tells his students from the onset of this lecture that the â€Å"Non-State Solider† Is not at all a conventional solider or army or even the unrecognized Molotov- cocktail throwing rioter. They are Insurgents or guerilla groups who specialize In unconventional warfare. He explains to us that these groups are without an allegiance to a state but are often times funded by states such as Iran. These groups tend to fight using the terrain and other factors as an advantage. They try to avoid major clashes with conventional armies that are larger and better equipped. They use civilians to both strengthen their numbers and to use as a sort of bargaining chip against the worlds government. The current cancer that the US and its allies face called ISIS is this type of group. The third lecture covered was entitled â€Å"A sectarian Spring: The Continuing Struggles In Bahrain. † In this lecture Dry. Catalan covers the uprising in Bahrain that started In 2011 and continues even today. He covered the tactics that the Insurgents use In order accomplish their particular goals. He also covered the various crude weapons that these groups employ. These types of insurgences are polar opposites to the two previous mentioned groups in this paper. Although organized this type of group has far less resources and an under prepared sporadic â€Å"army† or following. At its core though, there is a thinking person or group of people who use the beliefs, conviction, and emotions of the people to immobile them dodo their (the leaders) bidding. Ferguson Missouri is an example of this type of scenario. In conclusion these are great lectures that contain a wealth of information and explains the regarded topics fully. Military insurgents By leaflets â€Å"fighting modern insurgents†. This paper will be based on information gathered from three videos created by Dry. Martin Citation. The First being â€Å"The Iran Threat†. This lecture give its listeners a glimpse of what methods and strategies the Iranian government has been trying to employ against the US and its allies. The lecture describes in detail the various threats that the United States and its allies The second lecture is titled â€Å"The Non-State Solider in History’. Dry. Citation tells his dents from the onset of this lecture that the â€Å"Non-State Solider† is not at all a rioter. They are insurgents or guerilla groups who specialize in unconventional Struggles in Bahrain. † In this lecture Dry. Citation covers the uprising in Bahrain that started in 2011 and continues even today. He covered the tactics that the insurgents use in order accomplish their particular goals. He also covered the various crude group has far less resources and an under prepared sporadic â€Å"army’ or following. At conviction, and emotions of the people to immobile them to do their (the leaders) How to cite Military insurgents, Papers

The Principles - Potential Issues - and Risks of Revaluation of PP&E Ass

Questions: a). Should KGC Ltd. revalue its major PPE assets from historic cost to fair-market value? (Discuss the principles, potential issues, and risks). b) The PPE is estimated to have a replacement value of $20.5 billion AUD and a value in use of $12.0 billion AUD under current expected operations (i.e. seven years) but rises to $30 billion AUD if the contract is renewed for 10 years in addition to the current seven years and new viable ore bodies are found. What is the True and Fair value of the PPE? (Explain). c) Discuss the merits and risks of KGC Ltd. including a Triple Bottom Line aspect to its reporting approach. d) Discuss the nature of Legitimacy and the importance of KGC Ltd. maintaining legitimacy in the eyes of the traditional land-owners, the government of PNG, and the people of Australia. e) Is the Legitimacy of KGC Ltd. at risk and what consequences may KGC Ltd. suffer if it loses Legitimacy. f) Discuss how KGC Ltd. can restore its legitimacy (include a section on the two types of stakeholder theory in this discussion). g) List the various ways that KGC Ltd. could record the cost of the harm associated with the sludge spill in its GPFS, discuss the pros-and-cons of each method, choose a method and defend your choice. Answers: Part A The principles, potential issues, and risks of revaluation of PPE assets Yes, KGC ltd. should revalue the major PPE assets from historical cost to fair market value. Principle: According to International Accounting Standards 16, PPE assets must be recorded at fair value until and unless the exchange transaction lacks any commercial substance or the fair value of the assets are non-measurable. The revaluation model suggests that the value of PPE should be measured at fair value by deducting the accumulated depreciation and impairment losses from the fair value. Revaluation shall be made to ensure that the materiality is not differed therefore it should be determined by recording fair value instead of historical cost (Europa, 2009). Potential Issues: Recording the assets at fair value signifies the exit value of the assets. Assets recorded on historical cost do not represent the market-based approach rather it is based on entity-based approach. Fair value solves the issue of compatibility between the future cash inflows and cash outflows. The assets recorded on the basis of historical cost lacks the clarity when compared with market assumptions. If the PPE is not recorded on the fair market value then there is likely very less chance of selling those assets (Trinavis-crowehorwath, 2011). Risks: The risk of revaluing the PPE assets are that it would change the entire value at market price rather than recorded realizable value. The amount of depreciation will be altered and the increased depreciation would reduce the profit of the company. However, these risks will incur future benefits in the form of tax reduction and selling of the PPE assets at market value (Don Herrmann, 2006). Part B Estimation of True and fair value of PPE The true and fair value represents the correct statement of the financial position. Within the current expected years of operation, the replacement value has been estimated at $20.5 billion while the amount specified for use is $12 billion AUD. It is expected to increase at $30 billion AUD if the contract related to the PPE assets are renewed for 10 years. In this case, the fair and true value of PPE assets is $20.5 billion. According to IFRS 13, the fair value of PPE assets states the determination of timing when the assets were recognized and further determining the carrying amount. The depreciation charges associated with the assets along with impairment loss is also required to be recognized. The fair value in this case will be determined as the replacement value. As the fair value of the specific PPE assets is missing therefore we will consider replacement value as the true and fair value. Fair value can help the company in exchanging the assets, settle liabilities and willing parties to involve in the transaction. Another recoverable value of the assets is considered by estimating the supply of products and services (Fair value) less the value of use and cost to sell. In this case, the actual fair value is missing therefore it is assumed that replacement value is the Fair and true value. The recoverable amount in such case will be $8.5 billion AUD. Henceforth the information regarding the validity and affirmation of contract is missing therefore the exact fair value can be estimated in this case (GASAB, 2010). Part C Merits and risks of KGC Ltd. including a Triple Bottom Line Triple Bottom Approach accounting has been adopted by profit and non-profit organization. The sustainability framework approach is used by the KCG L to evaluate the performance. TBL approach concentrates on comprehensive investment outcomes. The profits, shareholders value and the return on investments can be calculated on the comprehensive way. The TBL approach is used in KCG Ltd to incorporate the three major dimensions of performance including financial, environmental and social aspects (theconservation, 2014). Following are the merits of using Triple Bottom Line approach: It reduces the risk profile Ensures identification of the cost savings technique and reduces the opportunity cost It provides improved financial and organizational information to the shareholders Aligning the needs of management focus and stakeholders requirement It increases the organization scope towards innovation. It helps in ascertaining the potential way of securing the social licensing It acts as a sound base for stakeholders decision making (Economist, 2016). Risks: Following risks are reported for the application of Triple Bottom Line: The application of TBL approaches is based on ethnocentrism It requires the restructuring and demolition of the corporate environment TBL approach requires an extensive readjustment of the organizational policies therefore uncertain risk might emerge as possible threats (Pondent, 2016). It is corporate oriented technique therefore it is treated as a reductive method as it diverts the business attention from concentrating on its core competencies. Aligning both social and environmental aspects are difficult in real organizational settings (Vivian, 2012) Part D Nature of Legitimacy and maintenance for traditional land-owners, the government of PNG, and the people of Australia The nature of legitimacy exists when the business possess clear and defined chain of management. KGC Ltd possesses clearly defined organizational structure. The person holding an authority possesses the right to perform any assigned task. The legitimacy in accordance to the people of Australia and government of PGC is performed by the KGC Ltd to serve the environmental and social accounting area. The power of legitimacy helps an organization to accomplish the social constructive system by serving the beliefs, values and norms of the society. It directly impacts the financial performance growth and enhancement of the company (UVA, 2006). The KGC Ltd has paid 6 billion amounts to the PNG government in the form of tax whereas $4 million was paid in the form of royalty to the traditional land owners. Also, the company is licensed by the PNG that certifies the firm to operate legally. The company serves the social aspects by employing 3400 employees in its processing plant, offices and PNG mines. The environmental and social liabilities have been fulfilled by KGC Ltd in terms of infrastructural development. The operating and development activities include building of grade schools, hospitals, water processing plants and health centers. Part E Legitimacy of KGC Ltd. at risk and its consequences Yes, the legitimacy of the KGC Ltd. is at risk. For instance, the Christian-animist residents in the New Guinea were agitating for ensuring independence from the Indonesia. There was a possibility of conflicts and military actions due to the association of war tribes and PNG tribes. The irregularities of company in respect of the environment protection have been complained by the people of Australia. Approximately 5 million liters of the oil waste were dumped into the river which was the source of drinking water for the villagers. The complaints went strident and loud when the company defended the misconduct. It was stated that sludge can be flushed quickly out to sea where it would get diluted soon. There are several consequences of the unfair practices conducted by the company. These unfair practices of the KGC Ltd can be negative for the company in the form of deteriorating goodwill. The government might take serious action against the company as the waste generation and dumping i n the sea can significantly affect the natives and adversely affect their health. Also, the company has to bare cost of remediating the sludge spills which is estimated between $6 billion to $ 60 billion. Therefore, the company can incur a loss in terms of expenses and public image. Part F Restoring legitimacy by applying two stakeholders theory The maintenance of legitimacy is very essential in the eyes of the government. To ensure the positivity on the part of government KGC Ltd should try to restore the legitimacy by carrying out best practices to serve the environment (Johnson, 2016). The company should try to serve the interest of the stakeholders and try to retain governmental support to enhance its operation more efficiently and effectively. The company should try to restore its legitimacy by renewing the political strategy. The company should follow the traditional belief, norms and value rational faith followed by the society. The legality must be followed by determining the voluntary agreements on the part of interest party (Tilling, 2004). The discursive legitimacy strategies must be followed by the KGC Ltd. The organization can be treated legitimated only when it perseverance towards the people of Australia and the government is unbiased. It encompasses the psychology, philosophy and sociology of the institutions and actors. By launching the development and reconstruction vision for the stakeholders can allow the company to revive its legitimacy. Restoring the legitimacy is intended to ensure long-term sustainability towards the environment and society. Before taking any action the company should ensure that availability of alternative course of action. It is significant for the organization to identify the difference between actionable legitimacy and institutional legitimacy (Dugan, 2004). The values and morals between the business ethics and organizational management must be maintained by application of Stakeholders theory. The two types of stakeholder's theory are Instrumental and Descriptive theory. The descriptive theory suggests the way how managers deal with the stakeholders to represent their interests (Fontaine et al., 2006). The constellation of interest can be fulfilled by the organization in either cooperative or competitive manner. This theory can be implied by the KGC Ltd in order to deal the divergent stakeholder's interest. The instrumental approach can be utilized for restoring the legitimacy by aligning the corporate governance goals with the stakeholder's management practices(Egels-Zandn Sandberg, 2009). Part G Recording the cost of the harm associated with the sludge spill in its GPFS The cost of harm associated with the sludge spills can be recorded by the KGC ltd in the form of following costs: Remediating cost Clean up cost Offsetting work Fines Expenses These expenses can be met out of reserves and other sources of external borrowings. The harm of processing and mining should be covered by the KGC Ltd. If the sludge spills are not removed then it would result in shutdown of the mining process that would cause loss to PNG and the entire region. The company can treat this cost of harm as either abnormal loss or nonrecurring items. Abnormal loss: it is the loss that is not expected by the business in its operating course of action. The loss that is realized over the normal loss is treated as the abnormal loss in the cost accounting. An abnormal loss is treated in the books of accounts to identify the net output results by deducting the abnormal loss from gross input (Basiccollegeaccounting, 2009). Pros It is a controllable loss and can be recovered if corrective measures are adopted. On the basis of abnormal loss the company can charge the profit and loss incurred in the specific accounting period. Cons It shows the inefficiency of the company to access the bad working condition, environment issues and highlights the carelessness of the company. It is treated as unanticipated loss that can shake the budget of company Non-recurring items: The item that appears on the financial statement and it is unlikely to happen again. It is onetime expense and records the expenses which are generally not encountered in the business course of action. The cost of harm can be treated as the nonrecurring item that would incur lump sum expenses for one time. These expenses are likely to be ignored in the future course of action (Fuhrmann, 2016). Pros Unlike extraordinary items, the nonrecurring items are recognized under IFRS. Nonrecurring items are easy to be recognized and separated to ensure the efficiency of financial statements. Cons It shows the inability of management to ignore the transactions recorded earlier in the form of non-recurring items. It allocates lump sum expenses and amount at specific time. It can put company at risk to meet the expenses occurred due to unusual transaction The selection of appropriate method is depended on the two factors including the management expectation related to loss and the cause of loss suffered by the organization. However, in this case the KGC Ltd should record the cost of harm of sludge spill in its GPFS as an abnormal loss as these expenses have been occurred due to negligence and carelessness questioning the legitimacy of the company towards the organization and environment. References Basiccollegeaccounting, 2009. Accounting Treatment for Normal Loss And Abnormal Loss In Consignment. Don Herrmann, S.M.S..W.B.T.c., 2006. The quality of fair value measures for property plant, and equipment. Accounting Forum, 30, pp.43-59. Dugan, M.A., 2004. Defining "Legitimacy". Economist, 2016. Triple bottom line. Egels-Zandn, N. Sandberg, J., 2009. Distinctions in Descriptive and Instrumental Stakeholder Theory:A Challenge for Empirical Research. Business Ethics: A European Review, 19(1), pp. 35-49. Europa, 2009. International Accounting Standard 16 Property, Plant and Equipment. 16 Septemeber. p.13. Fontaine, C., Haarman, A. Schmid, S., 2006. Stakeholder Theory of the MNC. p.36. Fuhrmann, R.C., 2016. Financial Statement: Extraordinary Vs. Nonrecurring Items. GASAB, 2010. Property, Plant and Equipment. Indian Government Financial Reporting Standard (IGFRS), p.22. Johnson, J., 2016. 5 Types of Power in Businesses. Pondent, C.S., 2016. Disadvantages of Triple Bottom Line Reporting. theconservation, 2014. Explainer: what is the triple bottom line? Tilling, M.V., 2004. Refinements to Legitimacy Theory in Social and Environmental Accounting. p.11. [Accessed 2016].